Zambia observer

Table Of Contents Additional InformationOriginal Lyrics in EnglishEnglish Translation of the LyricsSupporting LinksDownload National Anthem Music The Zambia national anthem, “Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free,” is a symbol of national pride and unity. Below are the original lyrics in English.Additional InformationAnthem Name: Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and FreeWritten Date: 1964Lyricist: Multiple contributorsComposer: Enoch Sontonga (melody), arranged by various artistsOfficial Adoption Date: 1964Original Lyrics in EnglishStand and sing of Zambia, proud and free,Land of work and joy in unity,Victors in the struggle for our rights,We’ve won freedom’s fight.All one, strong and free.Africa is our own motherland,Fashioned with and blessed by God’s good hand,Let us all her people join as one,Brothers under the sun,All one, strong and free.One land and one nation is our cry,Dignity and peace ‘neath Zambia’s sky,Like our noble eagle in its flight,Zambia, praise to thee.All one, strong and free.English Translation of the LyricsThe Zambia national anthem is already in English and does not require a translation. “Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free” reflects the pride and unity of Zambia.Supporting LinksFor a more detailed and original content about the Zambia national anthem, please visit:The Significance and Relevance of the Zambia National AnthemZambia National Anthem History – WikipediaThese links provide additional details on the lyrics, historical context, and significance of the Zambia national anthem, “Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free.”Download National Anthem MusicTo download the audio file please click right on the player and select “Save Audio As”. Post navigation

Zambia has 782 bird species recorded to date. This is a very respectable tally for a land-locked country of this size. Two species are endemic to Zambia (Chaplin’s Barbet and Black-cheeked Lovebird) while the taxonomy of a third potential endemic (White-chested Tinkerbird) is unresolved, and the Zambian (Papyrus) Yellow Warbler is near-endemic to Zambia. Many more species are endemic to the Zambezian ecoregion and best seen in Zambia. The vast wetlands and national parks hold internationally important populations of many large species such as Wattled and Grey Crowned Crane, Shoebill, African Skimmer and four vulture species. Other sought-after species include African Pitta and Pel’s Fishing Owl.We aim to soon provide detailed “where to watch” information for all Zambian species. For now, we refer you to the official Checklist for Zambia and it’s IBAs and NP's, managed by Frank Willems for BirdWatch Zambia, and the 2019 Birds of Zambia app (download/details available from the Resources page of this website).

That implements the Subject interface: // Subjectclass Store implements Subject {} Next, initialize the Subject’s state in the Store class. The subject’s observers will react to changes to this state. In this case, the state is a number, and the observers will react to an increase in the number: // Subject stateprivate numberOfProducts: number; Next, initialize an array of observers. This array is how you'll keep track of the observers: // initializing observersprivate observers: Observer[] = []; You might find some implementations of the observer pattern using a Set data structure in place of an array to keep track of the observer. Using a Set will ensure that the same observer won’t appear twice. If you want to use an array instead, you should check for duplicate observers in your attach method. Next, you should implement the Subject’s methods—attach, detach, and notify/update—in your concrete class. To implement the attach method, first check if the observer is already attached and throw an error if it is. Otherwise, add the observer to the array using the JavaScript array method, push: // Attaching Observer(s)attachObserver(observer: Observer): void { // Check if the observer has already been attached const observerExists = this.observers.includes(observer); if (observerExists) { throw new Error('Observer has already been subscribed '); } // Add a new observer this.observers.push(observer);} Next, implement your detach method by finding the index and removing it from the array using the JavaScript splice method. There can be scenarios where the observer you are trying to detach has already been detached or was not subscribed in the first place. You should handle these scenarios by adding a conditional statement to check if the observer is in the array or the set as the case may be. // Detaching Observer(s)detachObserver(observer: Observer): void { console.log(`Detaching observer ${JSON.stringify(observer)}`); const observerIndex = this.observers.indexOf(observer); if

PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e91144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Figure 1. The model of FGS data analysis determines the prevalence and burden in different geographic locations over multiple years. Figure 1. The model of FGS data analysis determines the prevalence and burden in different geographic locations over multiple years. Table 1. Prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) among the total samples collected in Ghana, Zambia, and Tanzania. Table 1. Prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) among the total samples collected in Ghana, Zambia, and Tanzania. Data SourceTotal SamplesTotal FemalesPositive Females (S. haematobium Prevalence *)Negative Females (S. haematobium Prevalence *)Ghana 20139039 (43%)31 (79.5%)8 (20.5%)Zambia 201613380 (60%)46 (57.5%)34 (42.5%)Zambia 201711060 (54.5%)45 (75%)15 (25%)Tanzania 201810470 (67.3%)43 (61.4%)27 (38.6%) Table 2. Prevalence of FGS based on the DNA concentrations of PCR-positive individuals in Ghana, Zambia, and Tanzania. Table 2. Prevalence of FGS based on the DNA concentrations of PCR-positive individuals in Ghana, Zambia, and Tanzania. DNA Concentration (ng/μL)DNA Concentration Total Females in Ghana 2013Total Females in Zambia 2016Total Females in Zambia 2017Total Females in Tanzania 2018Gr. A (0.5–3)Low9 (29.04%)42 (91.30%)40 (88.89%)41 (95.35%)Gr. B (4–10)Medium 16 (51.61%)4 (8.70%)3 (6.67%)0 (0%)Gr. C (10–above)High6 (19.35%)0 (0%)2 (4.44%)2 (4.65%) Table 3. Infection prevalence of FGS based on hematuria, urine filtration, and the PCR diagnostic test. -- = absence of positive or negative samples. Table 3. Infection prevalence of FGS based on hematuria, urine filtration, and the PCR diagnostic test. -- = absence of positive or negative samples. Data SourceHematuriaUrine FiltrationPCR PositiveNegativePositiveNegativePositiveNegativeGhana 20138 (18.6%)35 (81.4%)----31 (79.5%)8 (20.5%)Zambia 20163 (3.7%)79 (96.3%)082 (100%)46 (57.5%)34 (42.5%)Zambia 20177 (11.7%)53 (88.3%)3 (5%)57 (95%)45 (75%)15 (25%)Tanzania 2018--------43 (61.4%)27 (38.6%) Table 4. Comparison among females and males detected as positive for S. haematobium, S. mansoni, and dual infections. Male = M, Female = F. Table 4. Comparison among females and males detected as positive for S. haematobium, S. mansoni, and dual infections. Male = M, Female = F. LocationTotal Female Total MaleFemaleMaleS. haematobiumS. mansoniCo-OccurrenceS. haematobiumS. mansoniCo-OccurrenceGhana 2013394731 (36%)33 (38%)27 (69%)39 (45%)41 (47.7%)35 (74.5%)Zambia 2016805146 (35%)61 (46.6%)33 (41.3%)32 (24.4%)34 (26%)20(39%)Zambia 2017605045 (41%)47 (42.8%)47 (78%)37 (33.6%)38 (34.6%)31 (62%)Tanzania 2018703443 (41.4%)54 (52%)37 (52.9%)24 (23.1%)28 (27%)23 (67.7%) Table 5. Prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) among different female age groups. -- = absence of positive or negative samples. Table 5. Prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) among different female age groups. -- = absence of positive or negative samples. Location Total FemalesS. haematobium PositiveGr. A (0–10 years) Gr. B (11–20

A design pattern is a template that solves a commonly recurring problem in software design. The observer pattern, also known as the publish-subscribe pattern, is a behavioral pattern. It allows you to notify multiple objects or subscribers about any event that is published in the object they’re observing. Here you will learn how to implement the observer design pattern in TypeScript. The Observer Pattern The observer pattern works by defining a one-to-many relationship between the publisher and its subscribers. When an event occurs in the publisher, it will notify all subscribers to that event. One widespread example of this pattern is JavaScript event listeners. For context, assume you’re building an inventory tracker that keeps track of the number of products in your store. In this case, your store is the subject/publisher, and your inventory is the observer/subscriber. Using the observer design pattern would be optimal in this situation. In the observer design pattern, your subject class must implement three methods: An attach method. This method adds an observer to the subject. A detach method. This method removes an observer from a subject. A notify/update method. This method notifies the subject’s observers when the state changes in the subject. Your observer class must implement one method, the update method. This method reacts when there’s a change in its subject’s state. Implementing the Subject and Observer Classes The first step to implementing this pattern is to create interfaces for the subject and observer class, to ensure that they implement the correct methods: // Subject/Publisher Interfaceinterface Subject { attachObserver(observer: Observer): void; detachObserver(observer: Observer): void; notifyObserver(): void;} // Observer/Subscriber Interfaceinterface Observer { update(subject: Subject): void;} The interfaces in the code block above define the methods your concrete classes must implement. A Concrete Subject Class The next step is to implement a concrete subject class

(observerIndex === -1) { throw new Error('Observer does not exist'); } this.observers.splice(observerIndex, 1); console.log('Observer detached...');} Next, implement your notify/update method by looping over your list of observers and calling the update method of each one: // Notifying ObserversnotifyObserver(): void { console.log('Notifying observers...'); for (const observer of this.observers) { observer.update(this); }} Finally, for the Subject class, implement a method that manipulates the state and then notifies the observers of the change by calling their notify/update method. This example is a simplification of how a subject might perform an action and then inform observers: // Changing state and notifying observersnewProduct(products: number): void { this.numberOfProducts += products; console.log('New product added to the store'); this.notifyObserver();} Concrete Observer Classes Create an observer class or classes, to subscribe to the publisher. Each observer class must implement the Observer interface. The observer classes will implement a notify/update method which only the subject they are observing should call. This method should contain all the business logic you need to run in response to a change in the subject’s state: // Concrete Observer 1class Inventory implements Observer { update(): void { console.log('New product added to the store, updating inventory...'); // Actual business logic goes here... }} // Concrete Observer 2class Customer implements Observer { update(): void { console.log('New product added to the store, I have to go check it out...'); // Actual business logic goes here... }} Using the Observer Pattern To use this pattern, instantiate the concrete subject and observer classes. Once you’ve done so, call the Subject’s attach method and pass the Observer instance as an argument. In response, the subject will add that instance to its list of observers: // Instantiating Subject and Observerconst store = new Store();const inventory = new Inventory();const customer = new Customer() // Subscribing objects to publisherstore.attachObserver(inventory);store.attachObserver(customer);// Changing subject statestore.newProduct(30); This code