Nmap

Author: f | 2025-04-24

- Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap

nmap/nmap-os-db at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

Npcap-nmap-0.03.exe2017-02-04 12:37 573K npcap-nmap-0.04-r2.exe2017-02-04 12:37 661K npcap-nmap-0.04-r3.exe2017-02-04 12:37 661K npcap-nmap-0.04-r4.exe2017-02-04 12:37 658K npcap-nmap-0.04-r5.exe2017-02-04 12:37 658K npcap-nmap-0.04-r6.exe2017-02-04 12:37 658K npcap-nmap-0.04-r7.exe2017-02-04 12:37 659K npcap-nmap-0.04-r8.exe2017-02-04 12:37 659K npcap-nmap-0.04-r9.exe2017-02-04 12:37 660K npcap-nmap-0.04.exe2017-02-04 12:37 661K npcap-nmap-0.05-r2.exe2017-02-04 12:37 686K npcap-nmap-0.05-r3.exe2017-02-04 12:37 678K npcap-nmap-0.05-r4.exe2017-02-04 12:37 678K npcap-nmap-0.05-r5.exe2017-02-04 12:37 677K npcap-nmap-0.05-r6.exe2017-02-04 12:37 673K npcap-nmap-0.05-r7.exe2017-02-04 12:37 672K npcap-nmap-0.05-r8.exe2017-02-04 12:37 690K npcap-nmap-0.05-r9.exe2017-02-04 12:37 719K npcap-nmap-0.05-r10.exe2017-02-04 12:37 720K npcap-nmap-0.05-r11.exe2017-02-04 12:37 739K npcap-nmap-0.05-r12.exe2017-02-04 12:37 753K npcap-nmap-0.05-r13.exe2017-02-04 12:37 755K npcap-nmap-0.05-r14.exe2017-02-04 12:37 747K npcap-nmap-0.05-r15.exe2017-02-04 12:37 747K npcap-nmap-0.05-r16.exe2017-02-04 12:37 750K npcap-nmap-0.05.exe2017-02-04 12:37 685K npcap-nmap-0.06-r2.exe2017-02-04 12:37 752K npcap-nmap-0.06-r3.exe2017-02-04 12:37 752K npcap-nmap-0.06-r4.exe2017-02-04 12:37 749K npcap-nmap-0.06-r8.exe2017-02-04 12:37 749K npcap-nmap-0.06-r9.exe2017-02-04 12:37 749K npcap-nmap-0.06-r10.exe2017-02-04 12:37 749K npcap-nmap-0.06-r12.exe2017-02-04 12:37 754K npcap-nmap-0.06-r13.exe2017-02-04 12:37 754K npcap-nmap-0.06-r14.exe2017-02-04 12:37 755K npcap-nmap-0.06-r17.exe2017-02-04 12:37 756K npcap-nmap-0.06-r18.exe2017-02-04 12:37 766K npcap-nmap-0.06-r19.exe2017-02-04 12:37 768K npcap-nmap-0.06.exe2017-02-04 12:37 750K npcap-nmap-0.07.exe2017-02-04 12:37 769K npcap-sdk-0.zip2017-02-06 11:36 697K npcap-0.81-DebugSymbols.zip2017-02-16 07:26 11M npcap-0.81.exe2017-02-16 07:26 710K npcap-0.81.zip2017-02-16 07:26 888K npcap-0.82-DebugSymbols.zip2017-02-27 08:52 11M npcap-0.82.exe2017-02-27 08:52 702K npcap-0.82.zip2017-02-27 08:52 890K npcap-0.83-DebugSymbols.zip2017-03-28 19:41 11M npcap-0.83.exe2017-03-28 19:41 704K npcap-0.83.zip2017-03-28 19:41 890K npcap-0.84-DebugSymbols.zip2017-03-28 19:41 11M npcap-0.84.exe2017-03-28 19:41 703K npcap-0.84.zip2017-03-28 19:41 891K npcap-0.85-DebugSymbols.zip2017-04-12 07:04 11M npcap-0.85.exe2017-04-12 07:04 709K npcap-0.85.zip2017-04-12 07:04 889K npcap-0.86-DebugSymbols.zip2017-04-12 07:04 11M npcap-0.86.exe2017-04-12 07:04 703K npcap-0.86.zip2017-04-12 07:04 889K npcap-sdk-0.1.zip2017-05-19 13:52 809K npcap-0.90-DebugSymbols.zip2017-05-26 15:03 12M npcap-0.90.zip2017-05-26 15:03 890K npcap-0.90.exe2017-05-26 15:28 706K npcap-0.91-DebugSymbols.zip2017-06-06 13:57 12M npcap-0.91.exe2017-06-06 13:57 707K npcap-0.91.zip2017-06-06 13:57 891K npcap-0.92-DebugSymbols.zip2017-06-12 15:37 12M npcap-0.92.exe2017-06-12 15:37 703K npcap-0.92.zip2017-06-12 15:37 891K npcap-0.93-DebugSymbols.zip2017-07-27 13:39 12M npcap-0.93.exe2017-07-27 13:39 715K npcap-0.93.zip2017-07-27 13:39 877K npcap-0.94-DebugSymbols.zip2017-08-29 13:01 12M npcap-0.94.exe2017-08-29 13:01 702K npcap-0.94.zip2017-08-29 13:01 877K npcap-0.95-DebugSymbols.zip2017-10-31 19:39 12M npcap-0.95.exe2017-10-31 19:39 702K npcap-0.95.zip2017-10-31 19:39 877K npcap-0.96-DebugSymbols.zip2017-10-31 19:39 12M npcap-0.96.exe2017-10-31 19:39 702K npcap-0.96.zip2017-10-31 19:39 878K npcap-0.97-DebugSymbols.zip2017-11-27 21:39 12M npcap-0.97.exe2017-11-27 21:39 702K npcap-0.97.zip2017-11-27 21:39 878K npcap-0.98-DebugSymbols.zip2018-01-16 19:08 12M npcap-0.98.exe2018-01-16 19:08 712K npcap-0.98.zip2018-01-16 19:08 878K npcap-0.99-r1-DebugSymbols.zip2018-03-05 21:48 11M npcap-0.99-r1.exe2018-03-05 21:48 722K npcap-0.99-r1.zip2018-03-05 21:48 881K npcap-0.99-r2-DebugSymbols.zip2018-03-13 09:54 11M npcap-0.99-r2.exe2018-03-13 09:54 722K npcap-0.99-r2.zip2018-03-13 09:54 882K npcap-0.99-r3-DebugSymbols.zip2018-04-06 21:43 11M npcap-0.99-r3.exe2018-04-06 21:43 742K npcap-0.99-r3.zip2018-04-06 21:43 882K npcap-0.99-r4-DebugSymbols.zip2018-04-19 21:58 11M npcap-0.99-r4.exe2018-04-19 21:58 736K npcap-0.99-r4.zip2018-04-19 21:58 884K npcap-0.99-r5-DebugSymbols.zip2018-05-01 13:15 11M

nmap/docs/nmap.1 at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

Ping 192.168.x.xDetecting FTP Connection Example $HOME_NET 21 (msg:”FTP connection attempt”; sid:1000002; rev:1;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A console- ftp 192.168.x.x">Creating Rule for FTP- sudo gedit /etc/snort/rules/local.rules- alert tcp 192.168.x.x any -> $HOME_NET 21 (msg:”FTP connection attempt”; sid:1000002; rev:1;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A console- ftp 192.168.x.xSnort Nmap Scan Detecting ExamplesNmap Scan Detect Without Rule- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A console- nmap -sP 192.168.x.x --disable-arp-ping $HOME_NET any (msg:”Nmap Scan Detected”; sid:1000001; rev:1; classtype:icmp-event;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A cmg- nmap -sP 192.168.x.x --disable-arp-ping">Nmap Scan Detect With Rule- sudo gedit /etc/snort/rules/local.rules- alert icmp 192.168.x.x any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:”Nmap Scan Detected”; sid:1000001; rev:1; classtype:icmp-event;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A cmg- nmap -sP 192.168.x.x --disable-arp-ping $HOME_NET 22 (msg:”Nmap TCP Scan Detected”; sid:10000005; rev:2; classtype:tcp-event;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A console- nmap -sT -p22 192.168.x.x">Nmap TCP Scan Detect With Rule- sudo gedit /etc/snort/rules/local.rules- alert icmp 192.168.x.x any -> $HOME_NET 22 (msg:”Nmap TCP Scan Detected”; sid:10000005; rev:2; classtype:tcp-event;)- snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -q -A console- nmap -sT -p22 192.168.x.xThis experiment was part of The Learning tasks during The CodeAlpha internship.

nmap/INSTALL at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

Targets can be IP addresses, hostnames, IP ranges, CIDR notation, or a combination of theseNow, let’s explore common options available with the nmap command:OptionsDescription-snconducts a ping scan to discover available hosts-pconducts scan on specific port on the network-Aenables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute-Oenables OS detection-Fenables fast port scanning-vincreases verbosity level-oNprovides output to scan in a text file-sVprobes open ports to determine service/version information-iLreads and scans files containing IP addresses and host namesWith these numerous options, we can use the nmap tool to conduct scans, discovering open ports, services, hosts, and vulnerabilities in a network.4. Common nmap Command ExamplesLet’s explore practical examples of using the nmap command with various options. In particular, for these examples, we can use www.example.com and scanme.nmap.org as the target.4.1. Scanning a Single Host or IP AddressWe can use the nmap command to scan a single host or IP address. What this basic command does is provide information about the available services and open ports in the target.Now, for example, let’s use nmap to scan the hostname:$ nmap example.comStarting Nmap 7.94SVN ( ) at 2024-04-24 13:48 EDTNmap scan report for example.com (93.184.215.14)Host is up (0.18s latency)....Overall, the scan results provide valuable information about the services running on the target system associated with the domain. Furthermore, the open ports show the presence of web services, email services, and others. On the other hand, the filtered ports indicate that a firewall configuration is present.4.2. Scanning a Particular IP RangeThe nmap command can be used to get information about an entire subnet. We can achieve this by specifying the IP address and adding the CIDR notation to it.For example, let’s see how nmap scans an entire subnet:$ nmap 45.33.32.0/20 Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( ) at 2024-04-24 14:28 EDTNmap done: 4096 IP addresses (0 hosts up) scanned in. - Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap - Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap

nmap/HACKING at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

1. OverviewThe nmap command, short for Network Mapper, is a command-line tool in Linux used to scan a network to discover open ports and services, such as servers, routers, and switches. This open-source tool enables administrators and cybersecurity practitioners to map out networks and detect vulnerabilities.In addition to its powerful command-line features, nmap also offers a graphical user interface called Zenmap. This version is easier to use for those with less experience with the command-line interface and introduces a great visual representation of the network for better understanding.In this article, we’ll explore various functionalities of the nmap command, such as port and host operating system discovery, among others.2. Install nmap CommandWhile most Linux distributions come with the nmap package preinstalled, some do not. Therefore, before using the nmap command, it’s essential to ensure that the necessary package is installed on the system.Let’s proceed with installing nmap using the apt command:$ sudo apt-get install nmapBasically, this command is specific to Debian-based Linux systems, such as Ubuntu, and will install the nmap package and its dependencies after execution.Additionally, we can also use the dnf command to install nmap. Using this command is particularly useful for systems running Fedora, CentOS, or Red Hat.For example, let’s show how to install nmap using the dnf command:$ sudo dnf install nmapOnce the installation is complete, the screen displays a message indicating that the process finished successfully. This message includes information about the installed version of nmap.3. Common nmap Command OptionsThe basic syntax and structure of the nmap command are straightforward:$ nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}[Scan Type(s)]: refers to the types of scans we want to perform, such as TCP SYN scan, TCP connect scan, UDP scan, and many others[Options]: represents flags that modify the behavior of the scan[target specification]: specifies the target for the scan.

nmap/CHANGELOG at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

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nmap/ncat/ncat_main.c at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

ANmap WrapperNmap wrapper for AndroidThis is not an official Nmap application. To know more about Nmap and its features visit theofficial homepage of the project: 2016 I applied for a GSoC at Nmap with a bid for an Android port of Nmap. I built an uglyprototype with a cross-compiled Nmap shared library, a C wrapper and a simple Android activity tointeract with it. The bid was not successful, and probably for good reasons.In 2022, I thought it would still be nice to be able to run Nmap from time to time from mysmartphone. I took the original prototype, polished it a bit and packaged it. It's still ugly, butit does its job. And maybe angry user feedback will motivate me to spend some time on it.How to install itThe application is available onGoogle Play.You can also install an APK fromthe release page here on GitHub.However, releases here on GitHub will generally lag behind those on Google Play.How to contributeContributions are welcome.How to cross-compile NmapBe aware that the script to compile Nmap is based on my development environment. You might need tofix some paths for it to be working on your system.cd app/src/main/cpp./make_nmap.shThe script will do the following:Download latest stable Nmap source and openssl source.Configure and compile openssl and Nmap for armeabi-v7a and arm64-v8a, x86 and x86_64.Import Nmap resource files (like nmap-services) to Android assets directory.Import NSE scripts included with Nmap source to Android assets directory.How to build the APK if you can't cross-compile NmapDownload an apk from the release page.Extract the content of the APK.Copy the lib folder inside the apk to app/src/main/cpp/libs.Copy the assets folder inside the apk to app/src/main/assets.Build the APK.

nmap/zenmap/zenmap at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

Nmap is a widely used free and open-source network scanner. It works on most operating systems: Linux, Windows, macOS, Solaris, and BSD. Nmap 7.93. Nmap 7.93 comes with the latest version of Npcap Windows packet capturing software. This release is focused on the fixes and stability improvements that will form the base for all the feature releases, and those will culminate with Nmap 8. "Twenty five years ago, I released the first version of Nmap in a Phrack article named The Art of Port Scanning. I never thought I'd still be at it a quarter of a century later, but that's because I also didn't anticipate such a wonderful community of users and contributors spanning those decades. You've helped Nmap blossom from a fairly simple port scanner to a full-featured network discovery application trusted by millions of users every day. So thanks for that," wrote Gordon Fyodor Lyon, founder and lead Nmap developer. Nmap OEM builds are available for companies that wish to embed Nmap network discovery technology within their own products.. - Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap

nmap/macosx/README.md at master nmap/nmap - GitHub

On the network and scans them for open ports. NMAP scans more than just computers too. It scans any device connected to the network including desktops, mobile devices, routers, and IoT devices.NMAP is an open-source tool available for free at the developer website. It runs on Linux, Mac, and Windows operating systems. The utility has been a part of most network administrator and ethical hacking tools for years, and it’s useful for finding devices on a network and determining if they have vulnerable services running on them.How to Do an NMAP UDP ScanBefore performing an NMAP scan, open the NMAP GUI or open your command-line utility. Most administrators use NMAP in the command line, because it’s quick and easy to use with basic output for review. After typing the command, the NMAP tool searches for devices on a subnet. Every subnet has a definitive number of hosts, so NMAP scans every possibility for a host response. With a host response, the NMAP tool then identifies open UDP and TCP ports.You can scan specific ports on NMAP too instead of scanning all IP addresses for all open ports. Ports are given a numerical value between 1 and 65,535, so you should perform a lookup of services running on a specific port before running a scan. Once you choose a port, you can execute the following command:nmap -p 22 192.168.1.100The above NMAP scan searches for the open port 22 (the SSH service) running on a device with the IP address 192.168.1.100. If the service is running on the target host, the NMAP output displays the state as open. If not, the NMAP output displays the state as closed.UDP scans are slower than TCP scans, so you might experience extreme lag in responses or long delays before the tool displays output. Some hosts might take up to an hour to scan if you don’t optimize the NMAP process. You can speed up UDP scans depending on the use case. For example, use the following NMAP command to eliminate slow-responding hosts and gives up on scans when a host does not respond within 1 minute:nmap 192.168.1.100 --host-timeout 1mWithout specifying TCP or UDP, NMAP will try all open ports. Another way to optimize scans is to limit them to UDP ports and set the version intensity. Setting the version intensity to 0 will only show common services running on the target host. Version intensity ranges

- Revision : /nmap-releases/nmap-7.80/nmap-update

IntroductionThis document describes the TCP and UDP ports that Cisco CGR2010 platform uses for applications and intranetwork communications.Default PortsCisco CGR2010 has these ports enabled by default :Router#show control-plane host open-portsActive internet connections (servers and established)Prot Local Address Foreign Address Service State tcp *:23 *:0 Telnet LISTENRouter#In case that SSH is enabled in the router, port 22 is open in the CGR 2010:Router#show control-plane host open-portsActive internet connections (servers and established)Prot Local Address Foreign Address Service State tcp *:22 *:0 SSH-Server LISTEN tcp *:23 *:0 Telnet LISTENUse Nmap to verify the ports that are enabled in the router.C:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap>nmap -sS -p1-10000 10.31.126.137Starting Nmap 7.70 ( ) at 2018-12-06 20:05 Central Standard Time (Mexico)Nmap scan report for 10.31.126.137Host is up (0.0054s latency).Not shown: 9998 closed portsPORT STATE SERVICE22/tcp open ssh23/tcp open telnetNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 14.23 secondsC:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap>When a switch module is installed on the CGR2010, the router opens the ports 2003, 4003, 6003 and 9003. Take a look at the Table.C:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap>nmap -sS -p1-10000 10.31.126.137Starting Nmap 7.70 ( ) at 2018-12-06 20:22 Central Standard Time (Mexico)Nmap scan report for 10.31.126.137Host is up (0.0067s latency).Not shown: 9994 closed portsPORT STATE SERVICE22/tcp open ssh23/tcp open telnet2003/tcp open finger4003/tcp open pxc-splr-ft6003/tcp open X11:39003/tcp open unknownNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.54 secondsC:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap>Table of Reverse Port ServicesService Name Reserved Port RangeNormal Telnet2000-2xxxRaw TCP4000-4xxxTelnet Binary Mode6000-6xxxReverse Xremote9000-9xxxThis behavior is addressed in these CDETS:. - Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap - Revision : /nmap-releases. 5.51/ 5.61TEST5/ nmap-6.00/ nmap-6.00.IBM4/ nmap-6.01.DARPA1/ nmap-6.25/ nmap-6.25-vs9/ nmap-6.40/ nmap-6.40-2/ nmap-6.47/ nmap-6.49BETA1/ nmap-6.49BETA6/ nmap-7.01/ nmap-7.10/ nmap-7.20BETA/ nmap-7.30/ nmap-7.30BETA/ nmap-7.31/ nmap-7.40/ nmap-7.50/ nmap-7.60/ nmap-7.70/ nmap-7.80/ nmap

Nmap-Universe/Nmap History at main NikamSugat/Nmap

Emphasizing itseffectiveness and versatility.5. Analysis of Nmap's Impact on Network Architecture: Explore the impact of Nmap on network architecture, focusing on howthe tool can be utilized to identify vulnerabilities and enhance overallsecurity.6. Ethical Considerations in Network Scanning: Discuss and emphasize the ethical considerations associated withnetwork scanning, promoting responsible and authorized use of Nmapand similar tools.7. Real-world Case Studies: Analyze real-world case studies where Nmap has been instrumental inidentifying vulnerabilities and aiding in the improvement of networksecurity.LITERATURE REVIEWNetwork scanning is a fundamental aspect of cybersecurity, serving as aproactive measure to identify vulnerabilities within computer networks. Theutilization of tools like Network Mapper (Nmap) has become commonplace inthe efforts to secure digital infrastructures. This literature review surveysexisting research and publications related to network scanning, focusing on thecapabilities, methodologies, and ethical considerations associated with Nmap.1. Nmap Overview and Evolution: Various scholarly works highlight the evolution of Nmap and itsemergence as a versatile and powerful tool for networkreconnaissance. Fyodor, the creator of Nmap, provides insightsinto the tool's development, its core functionalities, and its role inthe cybersecurity landscape (Fyodor, 2009).2. Scanning Techniques and Methodologies: Research explores Nmap's scanning techniques in detail,elucidating how the tool performs host discovery, port scanning,service version detection, and script scanning. Practicalmethodologies for optimizing scans, such as the use of differentscan profiles, are discussed (Hubbard, 2011).3. Efficiency and Stealth in Scanning: Works by Lyon (2009) delve into the nuances of conductingefficient and stealthy scans with Nmap. Strategies to minimize thefootprint of scans and evade detection by intrusion detectionsystems are explored, providing valuable insights for securitypractitioners.4. Practical Application and Case Studies: Case studies and practical applications of Nmap in real-worldscenarios have been documented. Research by Northcutt andZeltser (2002) presents case studies illustrating how Nmap hasbeen instrumental in identifying vulnerabilities, emphasizing itspractical relevance.5. Ethical Considerations and Responsible Use: Ethical considerations surrounding the use of network scanningtools, including Nmap, are a recurrent theme in the literature.Works by Stamp (2006) provide a foundation for understanding theethical implications of network scanning and stress the importanceof obtaining proper authorization.6. Comparison with Other Scanning Tools: Comparative analyses between Nmap and other network scanningtools offer valuable insights. Research by Vigna et al. (2008)compares Nmap with similar tools, highlighting its strengths andweaknesses in different contexts.7. Security Implications and Countermeasures: Scholarly works discuss the security implications of networkscanning, including potential risks and vulnerabilities introduced byNmap. Countermeasures and best practices for securing networksagainst scanning activities are explored (Chien, 2005).8. Educational Applications: Some literature emphasizes the educational value of Nmap incybersecurity training and awareness. The work by Shema andShalev (2012) discusses how Nmap can be used as an educationaltool to enhance students' understanding of network securityconcepts.In summary, the literature reviewed provides a comprehensive foundation forunderstanding the various facets of network scanning using Nmap. From itshistorical evolution to practical applications, ethical considerations, andsecurity implications, these scholarly works collectively contribute to a holisticunderstanding of the role Nmap plays in network security. The insights gainedfrom this literature review will inform the subsequent sections of the report,guiding the exploration and analysis of Nmap's functionalities and applicationsin greater detail.Different scanning